一天打兩次的胰島素要改成一天打一次
原本Novomix 12u bid/AC
想改成Lantus
怎麼換呢?
請看原廠提供的算式
無論您是資深、新鮮或也是〝半熟〞的衛教師,這裡是開放給大家聊聊甘苦、說說想法、談談是非的八卦所在…每個衛教師都可以成為作者 CDE-F CDE(Certified Diabetes Educator合格糖尿病衛教人員) 【F可以(friendly友善)、(friendship友誼)、(family家)...】 備註: 相信「孤軍奮鬥」的衛教師們很需要大夥的支持協助。 希望能利用這個平台, 讓有需要的衛教師找到資源(支援), 請有經驗的衛教師造福後進, 先拋磚引玉,把相關的文獻資料放上來分享使用。
業務代表的電話已非本人
公司的電話已非原公司
公司的網址另作他公司
倒是GOOGLE 搜尋
糖尿病互動網的一段 專業病友留言 節錄如下
噴射注射(Jet injection) 用高壓的方式將胰島素製劑穿這皮膚注射到皮下。
◎不同胰島素注射法的比較: 注射器 (1)胰島素注射空針 (2)噴射注射 a.針 (1)有,31號 (2)無 b.注射原理 (1)針刺過皮膚到皮下 (2)高壓穿透皮膚到皮下 c.痛覺 (1)因人而異 (2)因人而異 d.恐懼感 (1)因人而異 (2)似較不會,然仍因人而異* e.注射時 (1)無聲 (2)會「拍」一聲 f.注射技術 (1)簡單易學 (2)要一點技巧 g.注射部位 (1)任何部位 (2)太瘦的部位不可用 h.吸收速度 (1)按書本所述 (2)可能加快 i.機器 (1)不需要 (2)要,價格因機型而異 j.胰島素包裝 (1)任何包裝都可 (2)有些包裝要搭配轉接器 k.維修 (1)用後立即丟棄回收 (2)要定期維修,更換零件 l.耗材 (1)不需 (2)需要,舊式的Medi-Jector EZ不需要 m健保 (1)給付 (2)尚未給付 參考文獻 Rosenzweig JL. Principles of insulin therapy. In: Kahn CR, Weir GC. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus. 13th ed Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1994:460-488,476 大約是6-7年前梅狄無針壓力注射器在台灣尚有代理商時就曾聽使用過的家長分享經驗,利用壓力將胰島素分子打散推入皮下,因不同部位承受壓力不同,若操作不當常會造成注射部位瘀青,我曾使用過它牌的無針注射器打食鹽水,打下去聲音很大,疼痛感似撞到的感覺個人覺的蠻痛的,價格也不便宜,
http://www.diacare.com.tw/html/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?viewmode=thread&topic_id=2009&forum=8&post_id=11703
不死心的靜莉還打電話去請教
台北馬偕醫院美珍衛教師、台北長庚雅惠衛教師
她們都說出同一家廠商的電話,
所以是沒有囉!
那能不能退而求其次呢?
建議醫師爹考慮
持針器
從左到右就是空針→裝針→安裝完成後
是不是完全看不到針呢?
Step-by-Step Instruction Guide
ALWAYS CHECK YOUR PENCheck the label on your insulin pen to make sure you have the correct insulin.The LANTUS® SoloSTAR® pen is grey with a purple injection button.
Take off the pen cap.Look at the insulin in the reservoir. LANTUS® is clear, so don’t use the LANTUS® SoloSTAR® pen if the insulin is cloudy, colored, or has particles in it.
Step 1: ATTACH THE NEEDLEWipe the rubber seal on the pen body with an alcohol swab.Remove the protective seal from a new needle. The LANTUS® SoloSTAR® pen works with Becton Dickinson (BD) Ultra-Fine™ needles†. Use a new sterile needle for each injection to prevent contamination and blocked needles.Line up the needle with the pen. Keep the needle straight as you screw it on. Make sure the needle is firmly attached.Take extra care: If you don’t keep the needle straight while you attach it, it can damage the rubber seal and cause leaks, or break the needle.
Step 2: DO A SAFETY TESTALWAYS perform the safety test before every injection. This removes air bubbles and ensures the pen and needle are working properly.
Select a dose of 2 units by turning the dosage knob.Take off the outer needle cap. Keep this for removing the used needle after your injection.Take off the inner needle cap and throw it away.Hold the pen with the needle pointing upward.Tap the insulin reservoir to make any air bubbles rise up toward the needle.Press the injection button all the way in. Check to see if insulin comes out of the needle tip. If insulin does not come out, repeat the test until it does.If no insulin comes out after doing the test 3 times, replace the needle with a new one and try again.
Step 3: SELECT YOUR DOSEAfter your safety test, make sure the dose window reads "0".Select your required dose. You can set doses from 1 to 80 units in steps of 1 unit. If you dial past your dose, you can dial back down. In this example, the selected dose is 30 units. Of course, your dose may be different.If you can’t dial to the dose you want, make sure you have enough insulin in the reservoir. The LANTUS® SoloSTAR® pen prevents you from dialing past the number of units left in the pen. If there isn’t enough insulin for your full dose, you can either complete your dose from a new pen or use a new pen for your full dose.
Choose an injection areaPick an area of your body to inject: either the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
Once you choose an area, clean the skin with rubbing alcohol.
Step 4: INJECT YOUR DOSEUse the injection method you learned from your healthcare professional.
Lightly pinch a fold of skin, and insert the needle straight into the pinched skin.Deliver the dose by pressing the injection button all the way in. The number in the dose window will return to "0" as you inject.Keep the injection button pressed in and slowly count to 10. Then withdraw the needle from the skin.Insulin keeps coming out for a short while after you have pressed the injection button in, so keep it pressed for 10 seconds before you withdraw the needle from your skin to make sure you get your full dose.
Step 5: REMOVE THE NEEDLERemove the needle after each injection and store the LANTUS® SoloSTAR® pen without a needle attached. This will help prevent contamination, infection, air in the insulin reservoir, and insulin leaks.
Replace the outer needle cap.Unscrew the needle from the pen.Dispose of the needle safely as instructed by your healthcare provider.Put the pen cap back on and store it safely until your next injection.
2010/01
Levemir 10U 每次排氣1U
(衛教單張、仿單進行安全性測試每次2U )
實際推擠了27~28次後
無法再轉動
使用胰島素空針抽取剩餘藥物
剩餘15U(28*11+15≒323u)
平均323U/隻
Lantus 10U 只要第一次排氣2U
(衛教單張除第一次外不用再排氣、仿單執行步驟3.進行安全性測試每次2U )
實際推擠了30次
無法再轉動
使用胰島素空針抽取剩餘藥物
剩餘5U(2U+30*10+5≒307)
平均307U/隻
Lantus
的衛教單建議首次排氣2單位,仿單建議排氣2單位
謝謝(台大、榮總、亞東、長庚、新光、馬偕)衛教師的幫忙
衛教師大多建議有看到水珠即可,
感謝馬偕醫院的張美珍衛教師
分享了這麼多的建議
將美珍姐的分享作為本文壓軸的結論。
Levemir及 Lantus的排氣原則都相同
所以同一個病人不管用Levemir或 Lantus 選項都會一樣
姐妹們我們服務對象是人
不同人有不同狀況
護理是一門藝術
請不要拿統一答案套在每一個病人身上
原則上應每次排氣都轉2單位
不需擠掉2單位只要針頭上有排出水珠即可
—然後直接轉至所須劑量即可
---若您的病人記性真的很不好無法記太多妳可以簡化步驟
(或病人視差完全聽聲音轉劑量等)
此時才只要首次排氣一次,
以後就不用再排氣—空氣也只有新裝上的針頭那一點點
影響不大...............美珍980501
李小姐表示針頭可以重複使用,轉接給徐小姐說在安全、醫療不浪費的情況下,同一個人是可以重複使用。
為考量可能污染空針或原胰島素製劑而造成注射部為感染,多半不建議空針重覆使用;但多個研究發現使用過的空針,絕大部分不會長菌,少數的長菌術亦極微量,均無引起注射部位感染的報告。因此建議空針用於同一病患時,可重覆使用,但使用後應蓋上蓋子;當針頭變鈍、彎曲、刻度不清或曾接觸過不應接觸的部位時應予以更換。
空針不可和他人共用,本人可以重使用數次,但針頭鈍了打針時較痛,如果有彎了或碰到皮膚以外的物品,不可以再用。
●相關文獻
1.Diabetes Care. 1984 Mar-Apr;7(2):118-20.
LinksRecurrent use of disposable syringe-needle units in diabetic children.Aziz S.
Fourteen insulin-dependent diabetic children reused their disposable syringe-needle units an average of 6.3 times per needle. Between uses, the needle was wiped with alcohol and stored in the refrigerator. There were no infections reported during the study for an average duration of 94 days. Dullness of the needle was the major reason for changing to a new one. Recurrent use of disposable needles for insulin injections appears safe in children and may be advised. It will help decrease some of the high cost of the daily care of a person with diabetes.十四個胰島素依賴糖尿病孩子重複利用了他們的一次性注射器針單位每平均每根針6.3次。 在用途之間,針在冰箱抹了與酒精并且被存放了。沒有在94天的一個平均持續期的研究期間報告的傳染。 針的鈍澀是主要變化原因到新的。 對胰島素射入的一次性針的週期性用途看上去安全對於兒童,並且也許被勸告。 它將幫助減少某些一個人的每日關心的高費用有糖尿病的
2.JAMA. 1980 Jul 18;244(3):266-7.
Multiple use of disposable insulin syringe-needle units.Hodge RH Jr, Krongaard L, Sande MA, Kaiser DL.
Fourteen insulin-dependent diabetics were asked to use their insulin syringe-needle units three times in succession to determine the efficacy and safety of this practice. The mean duration of time each patient participated in the study was 20.4 weeks, and a total of 2,000 injections were taken. No signs of infections at the injection site were observed. Multiple use of disposable insulin syringe-needle units appears to be safe and cost beneficial.十四個胰島素依賴糖尿病患者請求使用三次繼之後確定這實踐效力和安全的他們的胰島素注射器針單位。 每名患者參加研究時間的卑鄙期間是20.4星期,並且總共2,000射入被採取了。 傳染的標誌在射入站點的未被觀察。 對一次性胰島素注射器針單位的多種的用途看來是有利安全和的費用
3.Diabetes Care. 1979 Sep-Oct;2(5):418-20.
Reuse of disposable syringe-needle units in the diabetic patient.Crouch M, Jones A, Kleinbeck E, Reece E, Bessman AN.A
comparison was made between reuse of plastic disposable needle-syringe units and glass syringes with daily new needles in diabetic patients who take daily insulin injections. Parameters studied were incidence of infection, clarity of syringe readings, ability to use syringe, and sharpness of needle. The plastic disposable units could be reused with safety and patient satisfaction by most patients for at least 3 days. Considerable cost benefit could accrue if disposable units were used more than one time for insulin injections.比較做了在塑膠一次性針注射器單位再用和與每日新的針的玻璃注射器之間在採取每日胰島素射入的糖尿病患者。 被學習的參量是傳染的注射器讀書發生,清晰,針的能力使用注射器和鋒利。 塑膠一次性單位能滿意地安全和患者重複利用由多數患者至少3天。 如果使用了一次性單位超過胰島素射入的一次可觀的成本效益可能累積。
4.Resource Guide 2004-American Diabetes Assoociation
You may be interested in reusing your syringes. Most manufacturers do not recommend this, and there may be some increased risk to patients (i.e., needle dullness causing discomfort, possible infection, or tissue damage). While this practice remains controversial, many patients reuse syringes without any problems. Once again, your health care team can advise you on the practice. (Pen needles, however, should always be removed immediately after use; when left in place, they create an open passage to the insulin chamber. The open passage may allow bacteria into the chamber or fluid to leak out, which may alter the strength of the insulin.)您可以是對重複利用您的注射器感興趣。 多數製造商不推薦此,並且也許有某一增加的風險對患者(即,造成難受、可能的傳染或者組織損傷)的針鈍澀。 當這實踐遺迹爭論時,許多患者重複利用注射器不出任何問題。 再次,您的醫療保健隊能勸告您實踐的。 (應該在用途之後總是去除筆針,然而,; 當放置不管,他們創造一個開放段落對胰島素房間。 開放段落也許允許細菌入房間或流體泄漏,也許修改胰島素力量。)
●BD─A Look at the Reuseof Insulin Needles
* Photographs from Dieter Look and Kenneth Strauss study:"Nadeln mehrfach verwenden?" Diabetes Journal 1998, 10: S. 31-34.
(三軍總醫院、台北市立萬芳醫院、台北榮民總醫院、台北醫學大學附設醫院、行政院衛生署雙和醫院、佛教慈濟綜合醫院台北分院、亞東紀念醫院、桃園壢新醫院、財團法人長庚紀念醫院、馬偕紀念醫院、國立台灣大學醫學院附設醫院、新店耕莘醫院)
心得:
搜尋資料的時候發現,早期的資料(2003年前)的資料多半不反對,在安全的前提之下,同一個胰島素注射使用者,重複使用自己的針頭。由於近年來研究重複使用針頭容易產生問題的文獻越來越多,對方的聲音越來越小,如何在安全與資源不浪費的天秤上取得平衡,還是得看各方的智慧囉。